A cloud migration is rarely an infrastructure problem. It is a sequencing problem with a network topology attached. Move the wrong thing first and you spend the rest of the project working around a decision you cannot undo without starting over.
A GPU node costs 5-10x what a CPU node costs per hour. Getting GPU scheduling wrong on Kubernetes means paying for idle GPUs, or worse — having GPUs available and no workload scheduled on them while a data scientist waits. This guide covers the setup, the scheduling rules and the cost controls.
A cluster that costs three times what it should is rarely running three times the workload. It is usually running the right workload, badly sized, on the wrong pricing model, with a layer of things nobody is willing to delete.
Horizontal Pod Autoscaler is table stakes. But HPA only knows what it observes — CPU, memory, or a custom metric — and it has no opinion about whether a pod was the right size to begin with. That is a different question, answered by a different controller, and the two can be made to work against each other.